Publication or article

European Environmental Bureau with the assistance of its working group on Environmental Fiscal Reform. Position paper delineating various damaging subsidies within the EU, and pushing for their removal on fiscal and environmental grounds.

John R. Magnus. Journal of World Trade 38(6): 985-1047.

This is one of ten studies for the Copenhagen Consensus Project that sought to evaluate the most feasible opportunities to improve welfare globally and alleviate poverty in developing countries. It argues that phasing out distortionary government subsidies and barriers to international trade will yield an extraordinarily high benefit to cost ratio.

MEASURE, 1987. (Detail on producer-subsidy equivalent calculations for energy). in Coal Prospects and Policies in IEA Countries, 1987 Review, International Energy Agency. Ron Steenblik, OECD. Discussion of methods and challenges associated with extending the PSE, long used in agriculture, to coal.

Energy Policy, v. 23, No. 6, pp. 483-84. Copyrighted material; unfortunately link is to abstract only.

The Best Practices are designed as a reference tool for member and non-member countries to use in order to increase the degree of budget transparency in their respective countries. This transparency is generally a prerequisite for subsidy reform.

Presented at OECD Workshop on Environmentally Harmful Subsidies, November 7-8, 2002. Discusses methods for measuring the impact of environmentally harmful subsidies.

(In English and French) Luis Portugal, OECD. Metrics most commonly used for agriculture, but PSE also calculated for some coal production. Measures often proposed for more common application in energy sector.

Gerard M. Brannon. A 1974 report to the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation that examines the role of energy subsidies and taxes as instruments of government policy. It is one of the earlier assessments of this problem. A premise of the report is the exploration of how subsidies and taxation affected the "energy crisis" of the early 1970's and how they could be utilized to generate more favorable responses and outcomes to future crises.

Export credit and insurance plays an important role in energy markets by subsidizing the sale and implementation of particular energy technologies. However, the environmental and social impacts of export credit and investment insurance agency (ECA) activities have received limited public scrutiny.